Intermediate film for laminated glass, and laminated glass

ABSTRACT

The present invention aims to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass capable of displaying images with a high luminous intensity when irradiated with a light beam and having excellent durability, and a laminated glass including the interlayer film for laminated glass. The present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass, including a light-emitting layer that contains a polyvinyl acetal resin and a lanthanoid complex as light-emitting particles, the light-emitting layer containing not more than 100 ppm in total of a nitric acid-derived component and a carbonate component.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glasscapable of displaying images with a high luminous intensity whenirradiated with a light beam and having excellent durability, and alaminated glass including the interlayer film for laminated glass.

BACKGROUND ART

Laminated glass is less likely to scatter even when shattered byexternal impact and can be safely used. Due to this advantage, laminatedglass has been widely used, for example, in front, side, and rearwindshields of vehicles including automobiles and windowpanes ofaircraft, buildings, or the like. A known example of laminated glass isa type of laminated glass including at least a pair of glass platesintegrated through, for example, an interlayer film for laminated glasswhich contains a liquid plasticizer and a polyvinyl acetal resin.

A recent growing need is the development of a head-up display (HUD)which presents meters showing vehicle driving data (e.g. driving speedinformation) within a usual range of vision in the front windshield of avehicle.

Various types of HUDs are known. The most typical one is a HUD designedsuch that a display unit of an instrumental panel projects information(e.g. driving speed information) sent from a control unit onto a frontwindshield to enable a driver to view the information at a usualviewpoint, namely, within a usual range of vision in the frontwindshield.

An example of interlayer films for laminated glass for a HUD is aninterlayer film for laminated glass having a wedge shape with apredetermined wedge angle proposed in Patent Literature 1. Thisinterlayer film can solve a HUD's drawback that a meter image displayedon a laminated glass appears double.

Patent Literature 1 also discloses a laminated glass which is partiallyfree from the HUD's drawback of double meter image phenomenon. Yet, notthe entire face of the laminated glass is free from the double meterimage problem.

The applicant of this application discloses in Patent Literature 2 aninterlayer film for laminated glass, including a light-emitting layerthat contains a binder resin and at least one light-emitting materialselected from the group consisting of a light-emitting powder, aluminescent pigment, and a luminescent dye. The light-emitting materialsuch as a light-emitting powder, a luminescent pigment, a luminescentdye, or the like emits light when it is irradiated with light havingspecific wavelengths. When an interlayer film for laminated glassincluding such a light-emitting material is irradiated with light,light-emitting particles contained in the interlayer film emit light,thereby displaying high contrast images.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature Patent Literature 1: JP H4-502525 TPatent Literature 2: JP 2014-24312 A SUMMARY OF INVENTION TechnicalProblem

For producing a light-emitting sheet which contains light-emittingmaterials and can display higher contrast images, it is important to usea light-emitting material having higher light emission intensity. As aresult of intensive studies, the present inventors found that lanthanoidcomplexes show extremely high light emission intensity.

Unfortunately, an interlayer film for laminated glass produced using alanthanoid complex has a problem in the durability. Specifically, thelight emission intensity of such a film decreases when it is exposed toultraviolet rays for a long period of time.

In view of the current state of the art described above, the presentinvention aims to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass capableof displaying images with a high luminous intensity when irradiated witha light beam and having excellent durability, and a laminated glassincluding the interlayer film for laminated glass.

Solution to Problem

The interlayer film for laminated glass of the present inventionincludes a light-emitting layer containing a polyvinyl acetal resin anda lanthanoid complex as light-emitting particles, the light-emittinglayer containing not more than 100 ppm in total of a nitric acid-derivedcomponent and a carbonate component.

The present invention will be described in detail below.

The present inventors investigated the cause of the reduction in thedurability of interlayer films for laminated glass produced using alanthanoid complex. They have found that nitric acid-derived componentsand carbonate components in interlayer films for laminated glass causethe problem.

Interlayer films for laminated glass contain nitric acid-derivedcomponents and carbonate components derived from materials such as aneutralizer used in the preparation of a thermoplastic resin. When alanthanoid complex is added to produce such interlayer films forlaminated glass, supposedly the lanthanoid complex interacts with nitricacid-derived components and carbonate components so that the durabilityof the lanthanoid complex decreases.

As a result of further intensive investigations, the present inventorshave found that a reduction in the durability of interlayer films forlaminated glass containing a lanthanoid complex can be avoided bycontrolling the total amount of nitric acid-derived components andcarbonate components to a certain amount or less, thereby completing thepresent invention.

The interlayer film for laminated glass of the present inventionincludes a light-emitting layer containing a thermoplastic resin and alanthanoid complex. Due to the lanthanoid complex, the interlayer filmcan display high contrast images when the light-emitting layer isirradiated with a light beam.

Any thermoplastic resin may be used, and examples thereof includepolyvinyl acetal resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins,ethylene-acrylic copolymer resins, polyurethane resins, polyurethaneresins including sulfur, polyvinyl alcohol resins, vinyl chlorideresins, and polyethylene terephthalate resins. Suitable among these arepolyvinyl acetal resins because when a polyvinyl acetal resin is usedwith a plasticizer, the resulting interlayer film for laminated glasshas excellent adhesion to glass.

The polyvinyl acetal is not particularly limited as long as it isobtained by acetalization of a polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde.Preferred is polyvinyl butyral. Two or more types of polyvinyl acetalmay be used as needed.

As for the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal, the lowerlimit is preferably 40 mol %, more preferably 60 mol %, and the upperlimit is preferably 85 mol %, more preferably 75 mol %.

As for the hydroxy group content of the polyvinyl acetal, the preferablelower limit is 15 mol %, and the preferable upper limit is 35 mol %.When the hydroxy group content is 15 mol % or more, formation of theinterlayer film for laminated glass is facilitated. When the hydroxygroup content is 35 mol % or less, the interlayer film for laminatedglass is easy to handle.

The degree of acetalization and the hydroxy group content can bemeasured in accordance with, for example, “Testing method for polyvinylbutyral” in JIS K 6728.

The polyvinyl acetal can be prepared by acetalization of a polyvinylalcohol with an aldehyde. The polyvinyl alcohol is typically prepared bysaponification of polyvinyl acetate. Usually, a polyvinyl alcohol havinga degree of saponification of 70 to 99.8 mol % is used.

As for the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol, thepreferable lower limit is 500, and the preferable upper limit is 4000. Apolyvinyl alcohol with a degree of polymerization of 500 or more impartspenetration resistance to a laminated glass to be formed. When apolyvinyl alcohol with a degree of polymerization of 4000 or less isused, formation of the interlayer film for laminated glass isfacilitated. The more preferable lower limit of the degree ofpolymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 1000, and the more preferableupper limit is 3600.

The aldehyde is not particularly limited. Usually, a C1-C10 aldehyde issuitably used. Any C1-C10 aldehyde can be used, and examples thereofinclude n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde,2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, n-octylaldehyde, n-nonylaldehyde,n-decylaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde. Preferredamong these are n-butyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, and n-valeraldehyde,and more preferred is n-butyraldehyde. Any of these aldehydes may beused alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.

As used herein, examples of the lanthanoid include lanthanum, cerium,praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium,terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium.For higher light emission intensity, the lanthanoid is preferablyneodymium, europium, or terbium, more preferably europium or terbium,still more preferably europium.

Examples of the lanthanoid complex include lanthanoid complexes with amonodentate, bidentate, tridentate, or tetradentate ligand containing ahydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group, anitro group, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a sulfonyl group, a cyanogroup, a phosphonate group, a phosphate group, or a diazo group.

Particularly preferred are a lanthanoid complex with a bidentate ligandcontaining a halogen atom or a lanthanoid complex with a tridentateligand containing a halogen atom. Since such a lanthanoid complex emitslight having a wavelength of 580 to 780 nm at an extremely highintensity when irradiated with light having a wavelength of 300 to 410nm, an interlayer film for laminated glass produced using the lanthanoidcomplex can display high contrast images.

Examples of the lanthanoid complex with a bidentate ligand containing ahalogen atom include tris(trifluoroacetylacetone)phenanthrolineeuropium, tris(trifluoroacetylacetone)diphenylphenanthroline europium,tris(hexafluoroacetylacetone)diphenyl phenanthroline europium,tris(hexafluoroacetylacetone)bis(triphenylphosphine)europium,tris(trifluoroacetylacetone)2,2′-bipyridine europium, andtris(hexafluoroacetylacetone)2,2′-bipyridine europium.

Examples of the lanthanoid complex with a tridentate ligand containing ahalogen atom include terpyridine trifluoroacetylacetone europium andterpyridine hexafluoroacetylacetone europium.

Examples of the halogen atom in the lanthanoid complex with a bidentateligand containing a halogen atom or lanthanoid complex with a tridentateligand containing a halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorineatom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. Preferred is a fluorine atomfor better stability of the ligand structure.

The lanthanoid complex with a bidentate ligand containing a halogen atomor the lanthanoid complex with a tridentate ligand containing a halogenatom is preferably a lanthanoid complex with a bidentate ligandcontaining a halogen atom and having an acetylacetone skeleton becauseof its excellent initial light-emitting properties.

Examples of the lanthanoid complex with a bidentate ligand containing ahalogen atom and having an acetylacetone skeleton include Eu(TFA)₃phen,Eu(TFA)₃dpphen, Eu(HFA)₃phen, [Eu(FOD)₃]bpy, [Eu(TFA)₃]tmphen, and[Eu(FOD)₃]phen. The structures of these lanthanoid complexes with abidentate ligand containing a halogen atom and having an acetylacetoneskeleton are shown below.

The lanthanoid complex is preferably in the form of particles. Thelanthanoid complex in the form of particles can be readily dispersed inan interlayer film for laminated glass.

In the case of a lanthanoid complex in the form of particles, the lowerlimit of the average particle size is preferably 0.01 μm, morepreferably 0.03 μm, and the upper limit is preferably 10 μm, morepreferably 1 μm.

As for the amount of the lanthanoid complex in the light-emitting layerrelative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin, the lowerlimit is preferably 0.001 parts by weight, and the upper limit is 10parts by weight. When the amount of the lanthanoid complex is 0.001parts by weight or more, images with a much higher contrast can bedisplayed. When the amount of the lanthanoid complex is 10 parts byweight or less, an interlayer film for laminated glass with a highertransparency can be obtained. The lower limit of the amount of thelanthanoid complex is more preferably 0.01 parts by weight, still morepreferably 0.05 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.2 parts byweight, and the upper limit is more preferably 5 parts by weight, stillmore preferably 1 part by weight.

The light-emitting layer contains not more than 100 ppm in total of anitric acid-derived component and a carbonate component. When the totalamount of a nitric acid-derived component and a carbonate component isnot more than 100 ppm, the durability of the lanthanoid complexcontained therewith can be prevented from decreasing. The light-emittinglayer contains preferably not more than 60 ppm, more preferably not morethan 50 ppm in total of a nitric acid-derived component and a carbonatecomponent.

The nitric acid-derived component herein refers to NO₃ containing onenitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms. The carbonate component hereinrefers to CO₃ containing one carbon atom and three oxygen atoms.

The amounts of a nitric acid-derived component and a carbonate componentin the light-emitting layer can be measured by ion chromatography.

The interlayer film for laminated glass contains a nitric acid-derivedcomponent or a carbonate component derived from the raw materials of aneutralizer or the like used in the production of a thermoplastic resin.The total amount of a nitric acid-derived component and a carbonatecomponent in the light-emitting layer is controlled to be not more than100 ppm preferably by washing the thermoplastic resin several times withan excess amount of ion exchange water. In particular, the total amountof a nitric acid-derived component and a carbonate component in thelight-emitting layer can be controlled to be not more than 100 ppm by acombination of techniques, such as using hydrochloric acid as a strongacid in the production of a thermoplastic resin, washing with ionexchange water several times before a neutralization step in theproduction of a thermoplastic resin, washing with ion exchange waterseveral times after the neutralization step, and using sodium hydroxidein the neutralization step.

The light-emitting layer preferably contains magnesium in an amount of40 ppm or less. When the amount of magnesium in the light-emitting layeris 40 ppm or less, a reduction in the light-emitting ability of thelanthanoid complex can be more reliably suppressed. The light-emittinglayer contains magnesium in an amount of more preferably 35 ppm or less,still more preferably 30 ppm or less, particularly preferably 20 ppm orless. The amount of magnesium in the light-emitting layer may be 0 ppm.

The light-emitting layer preferably further contains a dispersant. Thepresence of a dispersant prevents the lanthanoid complex fromaggregating, and allows for more uniform light emission.

Examples of the dispersant include compounds having a sulfonic acidstructure such as salts of a linear alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, compoundshaving an ester structure such as diester compounds, alkyl esters ofrecinoleic acid, phthalic acid esters, adipic acid esters, sebacic acidesters, and phosphoric acid esters, compounds having an ether structuresuch as polyoxyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, andalkylphenyl-polyoxyethylene ethers, compounds having a carboxylic acidstructure such as polycarboxylic acids, compounds having an aminestructure such as laurylamine, dimethyllaurylamine, oleyl propylenediamine, polyoxyethylene secondary amines, polyoxyethylene tertiaryamines, and polyoxyethylene diamines, compounds having a polyaminestructure such as polyalkylene polyamine alkylene oxides, compoundshaving an amide structure such as oleic acid diethanolamide and fattyacid alkanolamides, and compounds having a high molecular weight amidestructure such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyester acid amide aminesalts. Other examples include high molecular weight dispersants such aspolyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphates (salts), polycarboxylic acidpolymers, and condensed ricinoleic acid esters. The term “high molecularweight dispersant” is defined as a dispersant having a molecular weightof 10000 or higher.

In the case where the dispersant is used, the preferable lower limit ofthe amount of the dispersant in the light-emitting layer is 1 part byweight relative to 100 parts by weight of the lanthanoid complex in thelight-emitting layer, and the preferable upper limit is 50 parts byweight. When the amount of the dispersant is within the range, thelanthanoid complex can be homogeneously dispersed in the light-emittinglayer. The lower limit of the amount of the dispersant is morepreferably 3 parts by weight, still more preferably 5 parts by weight,and the upper limit is more preferably 30 parts by weight, still morepreferably 25 parts by weight.

The light-emitting layer may further contain an ultraviolet absorber.The presence of an ultraviolet absorber in the light-emitting layerimproves the lightfastness of the light-emitting layer.

In order to ensure that the interlayer film for laminated glass canproduce an image with a much higher contrast, the upper limit of theamount of the ultraviolet absorber relative to 100 parts by weight ofthe thermoplastic resin in the light-emitting layer is preferably 1 partby weight, more preferably 0.5 parts by weight, still more preferably0.2 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 parts by weight.

Examples of the ultraviolet absorber include compounds having a malonicacid ester structure, compounds having an oxalic anilide structure,compounds having a benzotriazole structure, compounds having abenzophenone structure, compounds having a triazine structure, compoundshaving a benzoate structure, and compounds having a hindered aminestructure.

The light-emitting layer may further contain a plasticizer.

Any plasticizer may be used, and examples include organic esterplasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organicacid esters, and phosphoric acid plasticizers such as organic phosphoricacid plasticizers and organic phosphorous acid plasticizers. Theplasticizer is preferably a liquid plasticizer.

The monobasic organic acid esters are not particularly limited, andexamples include glycolesters obtainable by the reaction of a glycol(e.g. triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, or tripropyleneglycol)and a monobasic organic acid (e.g. butyric acid, isobutyric acid,caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptanoic acid, n-octylic acid,2-ethylhexanoic acid, pelargonic acid (n-nonylic acid), or decylicacid). In particular, triethylene glycol dicaproate, triethylene glycoldi-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-n-octylate, and triethyleneglycol di-2-ethylhexylate are preferred.

The polybasic organic acid esters are not particularly limited, andexamples include ester compounds of a polybasic organic acid (e.g.adipic acid, sebacic acid, or azelaic acid) and a C4-C8 linear orbranched alcohol. In particular, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate,dibutylcarbitol adipate, and the like are preferred.

The organic ester plasticizers are not particularly limited, andexamples include triethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, triethyleneglycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethyleneglycol di-n-octanoate, triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethyleneglycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate,dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethyleneglycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate,1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycoldi-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropyleneglycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpentanoate,tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol dicapriate,dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, hexylcyclohexyl adipate, diisononyladipate, heptyl nonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, oil-modified alkydsebacate, mixtures of a phosphoric acid ester and an adipic acid ester,mixed adipic acid esters produced from an adipic acid ester, a C4-C9alkyl alcohol, and a C4-C9 cyclic alcohol, and C6-C8 adipic acid esterssuch as hexyl adipate.

The organic phosphoric acid plasticizers are not particularly limited,and examples include tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecylphenyl phosphate,and triisopropyl phosphate.

Preferred among the plasticizers is at least one selected from the groupconsisting of dihexyladipate (DHA), triethylene glycoldi-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate(4GO), triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutylate (3GH), tetraethylene glycoldi-2-ethylbutylate (4GH), tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate (4G7),and triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate (3G7).

The plasticizer is more preferably triethylene glycoldi-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutylate (3GH),tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (4GO), or dihexyladipate (DHA),still more preferably tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (4GO) ortriethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), particularly preferablytriethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate because these plasticizers areless likely to undergo hydrolysis.

The amount of the plasticizer in the light-emitting layer is notparticularly limited, but the preferable lower limit is 20 parts byweight, and the preferable upper limit is 100 parts by weight, relativeto 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin. When the amount ofthe plasticizer is 20 parts by weight or more, the interlayer film forlaminated glass has low melt viscosity, which facilitates formation ofthe interlayer film for laminated glass. When the amount of theplasticizer is 100 parts by weight or less, an interlayer film forlaminated glass having high transparency can be produced. The lowerlimit of the amount of the plasticizer is more preferably 30 parts byweight, still more preferably 35 parts by weight, particularlypreferably 50 parts by weight. The upper limit of the amount of theplasticizer is more preferably 80 parts by weight, still more preferably70 parts by weight, particularly preferably 63 parts by weight.

The light-emitting layer preferably contains an antioxidant to achievehigh lightfastness.

Any antioxidant may be used, and examples include antioxidants having aphenolic structure, sulfur-containing antioxidants, andphosphorus-containing antioxidants.

The antioxidants having a phenolic structure refer to antioxidantshaving a phenolic skeleton. Examples of the antioxidants having aphenolic structure include 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol,stearyl-β-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate,2,2′-methylenebis-(4-methyl-6-butylphenol),2,2′-methylenebis-(4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol),4,4′-butylidene-bis-(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol),1,1,3-tris-(2-methyl-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl)butane,tetrakis[methylene-3-(3′,5′-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane,1,3,3-tris-(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenol)butane,1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene,bis(3,3′-t-butylphenol)butyric acid glycol ester, andpentaerythritoltetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate].Any of the antioxidants may be used alone, or two or more of these maybe used in combination.

The light-emitting layer may contain an additive such as aphotostabilizer, an antistatic agent, a blue dye, a blue pigment, agreen dye, or a green pigment as needed.

The interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention mayhave a single layer structure consisting only of the light-emittinglayer or a multilayer structure in which a different layer isadditionally stacked.

In the case where the interlayer film for laminated glass of the presentinvention has a multilayer structure, the light-emitting layer may bedisposed on the entire or part of a face of the interlayer film forlaminated glass, and may be disposed on the entire or part of a face ina direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the interlayerfilm for laminated glass. In the case where the light-emitting layer ispartially disposed, information can be controlled to be displayed onlyat the disposed part as light-emitting area without being displayed atthe other part as non-light-emitting area.

In the case where the interlayer film for laminated glass of the presentinvention has a multilayer structure, an interlayer film for laminatedglass with various functions can be produced by controlling thecomponents constituting the light-emitting layer and a different layer.

For example, in order to obtain the interlayer film for laminated glassof the present invention having sound-insulating properties, the amountof the plasticizer (hereinafter, also referred to as amount X) relativeto 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in the light-emittinglayer may be controlled to be more than the amount of the plasticizer(hereinafter, also referred to as amount Y) relative to 100 parts byweight of the thermoplastic resin in the different layer. In this case,the amount X is more than the amount Y preferably by 5 parts by weightor more, more preferably by 10 parts by weight or more, still morepreferably by 15 parts by weight or more. For allowing the interlayerfilm for laminated glass to have higher penetration resistance, thedifference between the amount X and the amount Y is preferably 50 partsby weight or less, more preferably 40 parts by weight or less, stillmore preferably 35 parts by weight or less. The difference between theamount X and the amount Y is calculated based on the following formula:(difference between the amount X and the amount Y)=(the amount X−theamount Y)

The lower limit of the amount X is preferably 45 parts by weight, morepreferably 50 parts by weight, still more preferably 55 parts by weight,and the upper limit of the amount X is preferably 80 parts by weight,more preferably 75 parts by weight, still more preferably 70 parts byweight. When the amount X is adjusted to the preferable lower limit ormore, high sound-insulating properties can be exerted. When the amount Xis adjusted to the preferable upper limit or less, the plasticizer canbe prevented from bleeding out, so that a reduction in the transparencyor the adhesiveness of the interlayer film for laminated glass can beprevented.

The lower limit of the amount Y is preferably 20 parts by weight, morepreferably 30 parts by weight, still more preferably 35 parts by weight,and the upper limit of the amount Y is preferably 45 parts by weight,more preferably 43 parts by weight, still more preferably 41 parts byweight. When the amount Y is adjusted to the preferable lower limit ormore, high penetration resistance can be exerted. When the amount Y isadjusted to the preferable upper limit or less, the plasticizer can beprevented from bleeding out, so that a reduction in the transparency orthe adhesiveness of the interlayer film for laminated glass can beprevented.

In order to obtain the interlayer film for laminated glass of thepresent invention having sound-insulating properties, the thermoplasticresin in the light-emitting layer is preferably a polyvinyl acetal X.The polyvinyl acetal X can be prepared by acetalization of a polyvinylalcohol with an aldehyde. Usually, the polyvinyl alcohol can be obtainedby saponification of polyvinyl acetate. The lower limit of the averagedegree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 200, andthe upper limit thereof is preferably 5000. When the average degree ofpolymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 200 or higher, thepenetration resistance of the interlayer film for laminated glass to beobtained can be improved. When the average degree of polymerization ofthe polyvinyl alcohol is 5000 or lower, formability of thelight-emitting layer can be ensured. The lower limit of the averagedegree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is more preferably500, and the upper limit thereof is more preferably 4000. The averagedegree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is determined by amethod in accordance with “Testing methods for polyvinyl alcohol” in JISK 6726.

The lower limit of the carbon number of an aldehyde used foracetalization of the polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 4, and the upperlimit thereof is preferably 6. When an aldehyde having 4 or more carbonatoms is used, a sufficient amount of the plasticizer can be stablycontained so that excellent sound-insulating properties can be obtained.Moreover, bleeding out of the plasticizer can be prevented. When analdehyde having 6 or less carbon atoms is used, synthesis of thepolyvinyl acetal X is facilitated to ensure the productivity. The C4-C6aldehyde may be a linear or branched aldehyde, and examples thereofinclude n-butyraldehyde and n-valeraldehyde.

The upper limit of the hydroxy group content of the polyvinyl acetal Xis preferably 30 mol %. When the hydroxy group content of the polyvinylacetal X is 30 mol % or less, the plasticizer can be contained in anamount needed for exhibiting sound-insulating properties. Thus, bleedingout of the plasticizer can be prevented. The upper limit of the hydroxygroup content of the polyvinyl acetal X is more preferably 28 mol %,still more preferably 26 mol %, particularly preferably 24 mol %, andthe lower limit thereof is preferably 10 mol %, more preferably 15 mol%, still more preferably 20 mol %. The hydroxy group content of thepolyvinyl acetal X is a value in percentage (mol %) of the mol fractionobtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which hydroxygroups are bonded by the amount of all the ethylene groups in the mainchain. The amount of ethylene groups to which hydroxy groups are bondedcan be determined by measuring the amount of ethylene groups to whichhydroxy group are bonded in the polyvinyl acetal X by a method inaccordance with “Testing methods for polyvinyl butyral” in JIS K 6728.

The lower limit of the acetal group content of the polyvinyl acetal X ispreferably 60 mol %, and the upper limit thereof is preferably 85 mol %.When the acetal group content of the polyvinyl acetal X is 60 mol % ormore, the light-emitting layer has higher hydrophobicity and can containthe plasticizer in an amount needed for exhibiting sound-insulatingproperties. Thus, bleeding out of the plasticizer and whitening can beprevented. When the acetal group content of the polyvinyl acetal X is 85mol % or less, synthesis of the polyvinyl acetal X is facilitated toensure the productivity. The lower limit of the acetal group content ofthe polyvinyl acetal X is more preferably 65 mol %, still morepreferably 68 mol %. The acetal group content can be determined bymeasuring the amount of ethylene groups to which acetal groups arebonded in the polyvinyl acetal X by a method in accordance with “Testingmethods of polyvinyl butyral” in JIS K 6728.

The lower limit of the acetyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal X ispreferably 0.1 mol %, and the upper limit thereof is preferably 30 mol%. When the acetyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal X is 0.1 mol %or more, the plasticizer can be contained in an amount needed forexhibiting sound-insulating properties, and bleeding out of theplasticizer can be prevented. When the acetyl group content of thepolyvinyl acetal X is 30 mol % or less, the light-emitting layer hashigher hydrophobicity to prevent whitening. The lower limit of theacetyl group content is more preferably 1 mol %, still more preferably 5mol %, particularly preferably 8 mol %, and the upper limit thereof ismore preferably 25 mol %, still more preferably 20 mol %. The acetylgroup content is a value in percentage (mol %) of the mol fractionobtained by subtracting the amount of ethylene groups to which acetalgroups are bonded and the amount of ethylene groups to which hydroxygroup are bonded from the amount of all the ethylene groups in the mainchain and dividing the resulting value by the amount of all the ethylenegroups in the main chain.

The polyvinyl acetal X is especially preferably polyvinyl acetal withthe acetyl group content of 8 mol % or more or polyvinyl acetal with theacetyl group content of less than 8 mol % and the acetal group contentof 65 mol % or more. In this case, the light-emitting layer can readilycontain the plasticizer in an amount needed for exhibitingsound-insulating properties. The polyvinyl acetal X is more preferablypolyvinyl acetal having an acetyl group content of 8 mol % or more orpolyvinyl acetal having an acetyl group content of less than 8 mol % andan acetal group content of 68 mol % or more.

In order to impart sound-insulating properties to the interlayer filmfor laminated glass of the present invention, the thermoplastic resin inthe different layer is preferably a polyvinyl acetal Y. The polyvinylacetal Y preferably contains a larger amount of hydroxy group than thepolyvinyl acetal X.

The polyvinyl acetal Y can be prepared by acetalization of a polyvinylalcohol with an aldehyde. The polyvinyl alcohol can be usually obtainedby saponification of polyvinyl acetate. The lower limit of the averagedegree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 200, andthe upper limit thereof is preferably 5000. When the average degree ofpolymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 200 or more, the penetrationresistance of the interlayer film for laminated glass can be improved.When the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is5000 or less, the formability of the different layer can be ensured. Thelower limit of the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinylalcohol is more preferably 500, and the upper limit thereof is morepreferably 4000.

The lower limit of the carbon number of an aldehyde used foracetalization of the polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 3, and the upperlimit thereof is preferably 4. When the aldehyde having 3 or more carbonatoms is used, the penetration resistance of the interlayer film forlaminated glass is improved. When the aldehyde having 4 or less carbonatoms is used, the productivity of the polyvinyl acetal Y is improved.The C3-C4 aldehyde may be a linear or branched aldehyde, and examplesthereof include n-butyraldehyde.

The upper limit of the hydroxy group content of the polyvinyl acetal Yis preferably 33 mol %, and the lower limit thereof is preferably 28 mol%. When the hydroxy group content of the polyvinyl acetal Y is 33 mol %or less, whitening of the interlayer film for laminated glass can beprevented. When the hydroxy group content of the polyvinyl acetal Y is28 mol % or more, the penetration resistance of the interlayer film forlaminated glass can be improved.

The lower limit of the acetal group content of the polyvinyl acetal Y ispreferably 60 mol %, and the upper limit thereof is preferably 80 mol %.When the acetal group content is 60 mol % or more, the plasticizer in anamount needed for exhibiting sufficient penetration resistance can becontained. When the acetal group content is 80 mol % or less, theadhesiveness between the different layer and glass can be ensured. Thelower limit of the acetal group content is more preferably 65 mol %, andthe upper limit thereof is more preferably 69 mol %.

The upper limit of the acetyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal Y ispreferably 7 mol %. When the acetyl group content of the polyvinylacetal Y is 7 mol % or less, the different layer has higherhydrophobicity, thereby preventing whitening. The upper limit of theacetyl group content is more preferably 2 mol %, and the lower limitthereof is preferably 0.1 mol %. The hydroxy group content, acetal groupcontent, and acetyl group content of the polyvinyl acetal Y can bemeasured by the same methods as those described for the polyvinyl acetalX.

In order to obtain the interlayer film for laminated glass of thepresent invention having heat insulation properties, for example, one,two, or all of the light-emitting layer and different layer (s) maycontain a heat ray absorber.

The heat ray absorber is not particularly limited as long as it shieldsinfrared rays. Preferred is at least one selected from the groupconsisting of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) particles, antimony-doped tinoxide (ATO) particles, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) particles,indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) particles, tin-doped zinc oxide particles,silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, lanthanum hexaboride particles, andcerium hexaboride particles.

In the case where the light-emitting layer contains a heat ray absorber,the amount of the heat ray absorber in 100% by weight of thelight-emitting layer is preferably 0.00001% by weight or more and 1% byweight or less. In the case where the different layer contains a heatray absorber, the amount of the heat ray absorber in 100% by weight ofthe different layer is preferably 0.00001% by weight or more and 1% byweight or less. When the amount of the heat ray absorber in thelight-emitting layer or the different layer is within the abovepreferable range, the interlayer film for laminated glass and laminatedglass have improved heat insulation properties.

The thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glass of the presentinvention is not particularly limited. The lower limit of the thicknessis preferably 50 μm, more preferably 100 μm, and the upper limit of thethickness is preferably 2200 μm, more preferably 1700 μm, still morepreferably 1000 μm, particularly preferably 900 μm.

The lower limit of the thickness of the entire interlayer film forlaminated glass means the thickness of the thinnest part of the entireinterlayer film for laminated glass. The upper limit of the thickness ofthe entire interlayer film for laminated glass means the thickness ofthe thickest part of the entire interlayer film for laminated glass. Inthe case where the interlayer film for laminated glass of the presentinvention has a multilayer structure, the thickness of thelight-emitting layer is not particularly limited, but the lower limit ofthe thickness is preferably 50 μm, and the upper limit of the thicknessis preferably 1000 μm. When the light-emitting layer has a thicknesswithin this range, it can emit light with sufficiently high contrastwhen irradiated with a light beam of a specific wavelength. The lowerlimit of the thickness of the light-emitting layer is more preferably 80μm, still more preferably 90 μm, and the upper limit of the thickness ismore preferably 760 μm, still more preferably 500 μm, particularlypreferably 300 μm.

The interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention mayhave a wedge-shaped cross section. In the case of the interlayer filmfor laminated glass having a wedge-shaped cross section, the wedge angleθ of the wedge shape can be controlled depending on the angle to attachthe laminated glass, so that images can be displayed without doubleimage phenomenon. For further preventing double image phenomenon, thelower limit of the wedge angle θ is preferably 0.1 mrad, more preferably0.2 mrad, still more preferably 0.3 mrad, and the upper limit ispreferably 1 mrad, more preferably 0.9 mrad. In the case where theinterlayer film for laminated glass having a wedge-shaped cross sectionis produced by, for example, molding a resin composition by extrusionusing an extruder, the interlayer may be thinnest at a region slightlyinside of the edge on a thinner side thereof (specifically, when thedistance from one side to the other side is X, the region of 0X to 0.2Xfrom the edge on the thinner side toward the inside) and thickest at aregion slightly inside of the edge on a thicker side thereof(specifically, when the distance from one side to the other side is X,the region of 0X to 0.2X from the edge on the thicker side toward theinside). Herein, such a shape is included in the wedge shape.

In the case of the interlayer film for laminated glass of the presentinvention having a wedge-shaped cross section, it preferably has amultilayer structure including a light-emitting layer and a differentlayer (hereinafter, also referred to as a “shape-adjusting layer”). Thecross-sectional shape of the entire interlayer film for laminated glasscan be controlled to have a wedge shape with a certain wedge angle bycontrolling the thickness of the light-emitting layer to be within acertain range and stacking the shape-adjusting layer. Theshape-adjusting layer may be stacked on only one or both of the faces ofthe light-emitting layer. Further, multiple shape-adjusting layers maybe stacked.

The light-emitting layer may have a wedge-shaped cross section or arectangular cross section. Preferably, the difference between themaximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the light-emitting layeris 100 μm or less. In this case, images can be displayed with a certainlevel of luminance. The difference between the maximum thickness and theminimum thickness of the light-emitting layer is more preferably 95 μmor less, still more preferably 90 μm or less.

In the case of the interlayer film for laminated glass of the presentinvention having a wedge-shaped cross section, the thickness of thelight-emitting layer is not particularly limited. The lower limit of thethickness is preferably 50 μm, and the upper limit of the thickness ispreferably 700 μm. When the light-emitting layer has a thickness withinthe above range, sufficiently high contrast images can be displayed. Thelower limit of the thickness of the light-emitting layer is morepreferably 70 μm, still more preferably 80 μm, and the upper limit ofthe thickness is more preferably 400 μm, still more preferably 150 μm.The lower limit of the thickness of the light-emitting layer means thethickness of the thinnest part of the light-emitting layer. The upperlimit of the thickness of the light-emitting layer means the thicknessof the thickest part of the light-emitting layer.

The shape-adjusting layer is stacked on the light-emitting layer tocontrol the cross-sectional shape of the entire interlayer film forlaminated glass into a wedge shape with a certain wedge angle.Preferably, the shape-adjusting layer has a wedge-shaped, triangular,trapezoidal, or rectangular cross section. The cross-sectional shape ofthe entire interlayer film for laminated glass can be controlled to be awedge shape with a certain wedge angle by stacking a shape-adjustinglayer having a wedge-shaped, triangular, or trapezoidal cross section.Moreover, the cross-sectional shape of the entire interlayer film forlaminated glass can be controlled using multiple shape-adjusting layersin combination.

The thickness of the shape-adjusting layer is not particularly limited.In view of the practical aspect and sufficient enhancement of theadhesive force and penetration resistance, the lower limit of thethickness is preferably 10 μm, more preferably 200 μm, still morepreferably 300 μm, and the upper limit of the thickness is preferably1000 μm, more preferably 800 μm. The lower limit of the thickness of theshape-adjusting layer means the thickness of the thinnest part of theshape-adjusting layer. The upper limit of the thickness of theshape-adjusting layer means the thickness of the thickest part of theshape-adjusting layer. When multiple shape-adjusting layers are used incombination, the thickness of the shape-adjusting layer means a totalthickness of the shape-adjusting layers.

FIGS. 1 to 3 each illustrate a schematic view of an exemplary embodimentof the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present inventionhaving a wedge-shaped cross section. For the convenience ofillustration, the interlayer films for laminated glass and the layersforming the interlayer films for laminated glass in FIGS. 1 to 3 areillustrated to have different thicknesses and wedge angles from those ofthe actual products.

FIG. 1 illustrates a cross section of an interlayer film for laminatedglass 1 in the thickness direction. The interlayer film for laminatedglass 1 has a two-layer structure in which a shape-adjusting layer 12 isstacked on one face of a light-emitting layer 11 containing alight-emitting material. The entire interlayer film for laminated glass1 is allowed to have a wedge shape with a wedge angle θ of 0.1 to 1 mradby using the shape-adjusting layer 12 having a wedge, triangular, ortrapezoidal shape together with the light-emitting layer 11 having arectangular shape.

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross section of an interlayer film for laminatedglass 2 in the thickness direction. The interlayer film for laminatedglass 2 has a three-layer structure in which a shape-adjusting layer 22and a shape-adjusting layer 23 are stacked on respective surfaces of alight-emitting layer 21 containing a light-emitting material. The entireinterlayer film for laminated glass 2 is allowed to have a wedge shapewith a wedge angle θ of 0.1 to 1 mrad by using the shape-adjusting layer22 having a wedge, triangular, or trapezoidal shape together with thelight-emitting layer 21 and the shape-adjusting layer 23 both having arectangular shape with a certain thickness.

FIG. 3 illustrates a cross section of an interlayer film for laminatedglass 3 in the thickness direction. The interlayer film for laminatedglass 3 has a three-layer structure in which a shape-adjusting layer 32and a shape-adjusting layer 33 are stacked on respective surfaces of alight-emitting layer 31 containing a light-emitting material. The entireinterlayer film for laminated glass 3 is allowed to have a wedge shapewith a wedge angle θ of 0.1 to 1 mrad by using the light-emitting layer31 having a moderate wedge shape with the difference between the maximumthickness and the minimum thickness of 100 μm or less and stacking thewedge-shaped shape-adjusting layers 32 and 33.

The interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention can beproduced by any method. The interlayer film for laminated glass can beproduced by, for example, preparing a resin composition forlight-emitting layers by sufficiently mixing a plasticizer solutioncontaining a plasticizer and a lanthanoid complex with a thermoplasticresin, and extruding the resin composition for light-emitting layersusing an extruder.

Due to the light-emitting layer, the interlayer film for laminated glassof the present invention emits light under radiation of light atspecific wavelengths. This feature allows for display of informationwith a high contrast.

Examples of devices for radiation of light at specific wavelengthsinclude a spot light source (LC-8 available from Hamamatsu PhotonicsK.K.), a xenon flush lamp (CW lamp available from Heraeus), and a blacklight (Carry Hand available from Iuchi Seieido Co., Ltd.).

A laminated glass including the interlayer film for laminated glass ofthe present invention between a pair of glass plates is also one aspectof the present invention.

The glass plates may be common transparent glass plates. Examplesinclude plates of inorganic glass such as float glass plates, polishedglass plates, figured glass plates, meshed glass plates, wired glassplates, colored glass plates, heat-absorbing glass plates,heat-reflecting glass plates, and green glass plates. An ultravioletshielding glass plate including an ultraviolet shielding coat layer on aglass surface may also be used. However, this glass plate is preferablyused on the side opposite to the side to be exposed to radiation oflight at specific wavelengths. Other examples of the glass platesinclude organic plastic plates made of polyethylene terephthalate,polycarbonate, polyacrylate, or the like.

The glass plates may include two or more types of glass plates. Forexample, the laminated glass may be a laminate including the interlayerfilm for laminated glass of the present invention between a transparentfloat glass plate and a colored glass plate such as a green glass plate.The glass plates may include two or more glass plates with a differentthickness.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

The present invention can provide an interlayer film for laminated glasscapable of displaying images with a high luminous intensity whenirradiated with a light beam and having excellent durability, and alaminated glass including the interlayer film for laminated glass.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of theinterlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention having awedge-shaped cross section.

FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of theinterlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention having awedge-shaped cross section.

FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of theinterlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention having awedge-shaped cross section.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the present invention are more specifically describedbelow with reference to, but not limited to, examples.

<Preparation of Polyvinyl Butyral> (Preparation of PVB1-1)

To a 2 m³ reactor fitted with a stirrer were charged 1700 kg of a 7.5%by mass aqueous solution of PVA (degree of polymerization: 1700, degreeof saponification: 99 mol %), 74.6 kg of n-butyraldehyde, and 0.13 kg of2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol, and the entire mixture was cooled to 14°C. Subsequently, 99.44 L of 30% by mass nitric acid was added to themixture to initiate the butyralization of PVA. Ten minutes after the endof the addition, the temperature was raised to 65° C. over 90 minutes,followed by further reaction for 120 minutes. Thereafter, thetemperature was lowered to room temperature, and the precipitated solidwas filtered. The solid was washed ten times with a 10-fold amount (bymass) of ion exchange water (washing before neutralization). The washedsolid was sufficiently neutralized using a 0.3% by mass sodium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution and was then washed ten times with a 10-foldamount (by mass) of ion exchange water (washing after neutralization).The resulting solid was dehydrated and dried, thereby obtainingpolyvinyl butyral 1-1 (hereinafter, also referred to as “PVB1-1”). Theacetyl group content, butyral group content, and hydroxy group contentof PVB1-1 were 1 mol %, 69 mol %, and 30 mol %, respectively.

(Preparation of PVB1-2)

To a 2 m³ reactor fitted with a stirrer were charged 1700 kg of a 7.5%by mass aqueous solution of PVA (degree of polymerization: 1700, degreeof saponification: 99 mol %), 74.6 kg of n-butyraldehyde, and 0.13 kg of2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol, and the entire mixture was cooled to 14°C. Subsequently, 99.44 L of 30% by mass nitric acid was added to themixture to initiate the butyralization of PVA. Ten minutes after the endof the addition, the temperature was raised to 65° C. over 90 minutes,followed by further reaction for 120 minutes. Thereafter, thetemperature was lowered to room temperature, and the precipitated solidwas filtered. The solid was washed ten times with a 10-fold amount (bymass) of ion exchange water (washing before neutralization). The washedsolid was sufficiently neutralized using a 0.15% by mass sodiumhydroxide aqueous solution. The resulting solid was dehydrated anddried, thereby obtaining polyvinyl butyral 1-2 (hereinafter, alsoreferred to as “PVB1-2”). The acetyl group content, butyral groupcontent, and hydroxy group content of PVB1-2 were 1 mol %, 69 mol %, and30 mol %, respectively.

(Preparation of PVB1-3)

To a 2 m³ reactor fitted with a stirrer were charged 1700 kg of a 7.5%by mass aqueous solution of PVA (degree of polymerization: 1700, degreeof saponification: 99 mol %), 74.6 kg of n-butyraldehyde, and 0.13 kg of2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol, and the entire mixture was cooled to 14°C. Subsequently, 99.44 L of 20% by mass hydrochloric acid was added tothe mixture to initiate the butyralization of PVA. Ten minutes after theend of the addition, the temperature was raised to 65° C. over 90minutes, followed by further reaction for 120 minutes. Thereafter, thetemperature was lowered to room temperature, and the precipitated solidwas filtered. The solid was washed ten times with a 10-fold amount (bymass) of ion exchange water (washing before neutralization). The washedsolid was sufficiently neutralized using a 0.3% by mass sodium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution. The resulting solid was dehydrated anddried, thereby obtaining polyvinyl butyral 1-3 (hereinafter, alsoreferred to as “PVB1-3”). The acetyl group content, butyral groupcontent, and hydroxy group content of PVB1-3 were 1 mol %, 69 mol %, and30 mol %, respectively.

(Preparation of PVB1-4)

To a 2 m³ reactor fitted with a stirrer were charged 1700 kg of a 7.5%by mass aqueous solution of PVA (degree of polymerization: 1700, degreeof saponification: 99 mol %), 74.6 kg of n-butyraldehyde, and 0.13 kg of2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol, and the entire mixture was cooled to 14°C. Subsequently, 99.44 L of 30% by mass nitric acid was added to themixture to initiate the butyralization of PVA. Ten minutes after the endof the addition, the temperature was raised to 65° C. over 90 minutes,followed by further reaction for 120 minutes. Thereafter, thetemperature was lowered to room temperature, and the precipitated solidwas filtered. The solid was washed five times with a 10-fold amount (bymass) of ion exchange water (washing before neutralization). The washedsolid was sufficiently neutralized using a 0.3% by mass sodium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution and was then washed ten times with a 10-foldamount (by mass) of ion exchange water (washing after neutralization).The resulting solid was dehydrated and dried, thereby obtainingpolyvinyl butyral 1-4 (hereinafter, also referred to as “PVB1-4”). Theacetyl group content, butyral group content, and hydroxy group contentof PVB1-4 were 1 mol %, 69 mol %, and 30 mol %, respectively.

(Preparation of PVB1-5)

To a 2 m³ reactor fitted with a stirrer were charged 1700 kg of a 7.5%by mass aqueous solution of PVA (degree of polymerization: 1700, degreeof saponification: 99 mol %), 74.6 kg of n-butyraldehyde, and 0.13 kg of2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol, and the entire mixture was cooled to 14°C. Subsequently, 99.44 L of 30% by mass nitric acid was added to themixture to initiate the butyralization of PVA. Ten minutes after the endof the addition, the temperature was raised to 65° C. over 90 minutes,followed by further reaction for 120 minutes. Thereafter, thetemperature was lowered to room temperature, and the precipitated solidwas filtered. The solid was sufficiently neutralized using a 0.3% bymass sodium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution and was then washed tentimes with a 10-fold amount (by mass) of ion exchange water (washingafter neutralization). The resulting solid was dehydrated and dried,thereby obtaining polyvinyl butyral 1-5 (hereinafter, also referred toas “PVB1-5”). The acetyl group content, butyral group content, andhydroxy group content of PVB1-5 were 1 mol %, 69 mol %, and 30 mol %,respectively.

(Preparation of PVB1-6)

To a 2 m³ reactor fitted with a stirrer were charged 1700 kg of a 7.5%by mass aqueous solution of PVA (degree of polymerization: 1700, degreeof saponification: 99 mol %), 74.6 kg of n-butyraldehyde, and 0.13 kg of2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol, and the entire mixture was cooled to 14°C. Subsequently, 99.44 L of 30% by mass nitric acid was added to themixture to initiate the butyralization of PVA. Ten minutes after the endof the addition, the temperature was raised to 65° C. over 90 minutes,followed by further reaction for 120 minutes. Thereafter, thetemperature was lowered to room temperature, and the precipitated solidwas filtered. The solid was washed ten times with a 10-fold amount (bymass) of ion exchange water (washing before neutralization). The washedsolid was sufficiently neutralized using a 0.3% by mass sodium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution. The resulting solid was dehydrated anddried, thereby obtaining polyvinyl butyral 1-6 (hereinafter, alsoreferred to as “PVB1-6”). The acetyl group content, butyral groupcontent, and hydroxy group content of PVB1-6 were 1 mol %, 69 mol %, and30 mol %, respectively.

(Preparation of PVB1-7)

To a 2 m³ reactor fitted with a stirrer were charged 1700 kg of a 7.5%by mass aqueous solution of PVA (degree of polymerization: 1700, degreeof saponification: 99 mol %), 74.6 kg of n-butyraldehyde, and 0.13 kg of2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol, and the entire mixture was cooled to 14°C. Subsequently, 99.44 L of 30% by mass nitric acid was added to themixture to initiate the butyralization of PVA. Ten minutes after the endof the addition, the temperature was raised to 65° C. over 90 minutes,followed by further reaction for 120 minutes. Thereafter, thetemperature was lowered to room temperature, and the precipitated solidwas filtered. The solid was washed ten times with a 10-fold amount (bymass) of ion exchange water (washing before neutralization). The washedsolid was sufficiently neutralized using a 0.15% by mass sodiumhydroxide aqueous solution and was then washed four times with a 10-foldamount (by mass) of ion exchange water (washing after neutralization).The resulting solid was dehydrated and dried, thereby obtainingpolyvinyl butyral 1-7 (hereinafter, also referred to as “PVB1-7”). Theacetyl group content, butyral group content, and hydroxy group contentof PVB1-7 were 1 mol %, 69 mol %, and 30 mol %, respectively.

(Preparation of PVB1-8)

To a 2 m³ reactor fitted with a stirrer were charged 1700 kg of a 7.5%by mass aqueous solution of PVA (degree of polymerization: 1700, degreeof saponification: 99 mol %), 74.6 kg of n-butyraldehyde, and 0.13 kg of2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol, and the entire mixture was cooled to 14°C. Subsequently, 99.44 L of 20% by mass hydrochloric acid was added tothe mixture to initiate the butyralization of PVA. Ten minutes after theend of the addition, the temperature was raised to 65° C. over 90minutes, followed by further reaction for 120 minutes. Thereafter, thetemperature was lowered to room temperature, and the precipitated solidwas filtered. The solid was washed three times with a 10-fold amount (bymass) of ion exchange water (washing before neutralization). The washedsolid was sufficiently neutralized using a 0.3% by mass sodium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution. The resulting solid was dehydrated anddried, thereby obtaining polyvinyl butyral 1-8 (hereinafter, alsoreferred to as “PVB1-8”). The acetyl group content, butyral groupcontent, and hydroxy group content of PVB1-8 were 1 mol %, 69 mol %, and30 mol %, respectively.

(Preparation of PVB1-9)

To a 2 m³ reactor fitted with a stirrer were charged 1700 kg of a 7.5%by mass aqueous solution of PVA (degree of polymerization: 1700, degreeof saponification: 99 mol %), 74.6 kg of n-butyraldehyde, and 0.13 kg of2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol, and the entire mixture was cooled to 14°C. Subsequently, 99.44 L of 20% by mass hydrochloric acid was added tothe mixture to initiate the butyralization of PVA. Ten minutes after theend of the addition, the temperature was raised to 65° C. over 90minutes, followed by further reaction for 120 minutes. Thereafter, thetemperature was lowered to room temperature, and the precipitated solidwas filtered. The solid was washed ten times with a 10-fold amount (bymass) of ion exchange water (washing before neutralization). The washedsolid was sufficiently neutralized using a 0.3% by mass sodium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution and was then washed six times with a 10-foldamount (by mass) of ion exchange water (washing after neutralization).The resulting solid was dehydrated and dried, thereby obtainingpolyvinyl butyral 1-9 (hereinafter, also referred to as “PVB1-9”). Theacetyl group content, butyral group content, and hydroxy group contentof PVB1-9 were 1 mol %, 69 mol %, and 30 mol %, respectively.

(Preparation of PVB2-1)

To a 2 m³ reactor fitted with a stirrer were charged 1700 kg of a 7.5%by mass aqueous solution of PVA (degree of polymerization: 2400, degreeof saponification: 88 mol %), 119.4 kg of n-butyraldehyde, and 0.13 kgof 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol, and the entire mixture was cooled to14° C. Subsequently, 99.44 L of 30% by mass nitric acid was added to themixture to initiate the butyralization of PVA. Ten minutes after the endof the addition, the temperature was raised to 65° C. over 90 minutes,followed by further reaction for 120 minutes. Thereafter, thetemperature was lowered to room temperature, and the precipitated solidwas filtered. The solid was washed ten times with a 10-fold amount (bymass) of ion exchange water (washing before neutralization). The washedsolid was sufficiently neutralized using a 0.3% by mass sodium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution and was then washed ten times with a 10-foldamount (by mass) of ion exchange water (washing after neutralization).The resulting solid was dehydrated and dried, thereby obtainingpolyvinyl butyral 2-1 (hereinafter, also referred to as “PVB2-1”). Theacetyl group content, butyral group content, and hydroxy group contentof PVB2-1 were 12 mol %, 66 mol %, and 22 mol %, respectively.

(Preparation of PVB2-2)

To a 2 m³ reactor fitted with a stirrer were charged 1700 kg of a 7.5%by mass aqueous solution of PVA (degree of polymerization: 2400, degreeof saponification: 88 mol %), 119.4 kg of n-butyraldehyde, and 0.13 kgof 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol, and the entire mixture was cooled to14° C. Subsequently, 99.44 L of 30% by mass nitric acid was added to themixture to initiate the butyralization of PVA. Ten minutes after the endof the addition, the temperature was raised to 65° C. over 90 minutes,followed by further reaction for 120 minutes. Thereafter, thetemperature was lowered to room temperature, and the precipitated solidwas filtered. The solid was washed ten times with a 10-fold amount (bymass) of ion exchange water (washing before neutralization). The washedsolid was sufficiently neutralized using a 0.3% by mass sodium hydrogencarbonate aqueous solution. The resulting solid was dehydrated anddried, thereby obtaining polyvinyl butyral 2-2 (hereinafter, alsoreferred to as “PVB2-2”). The acetyl group content, butyral groupcontent, and hydroxy group content of PVB2-2 were 12 mol %, 66 mol %,and 22 mol %, respectively.

Example 1 (1) Preparation of Eu(TFA)₃Phen

Europium acetate (Eu(CH₃COO)₃) in an amount of 5 g (12.5 mmol) wasdissolved in 50 mL of distilled water. To the solution was added 7 g(33.6 mmol) of trifluoroacetylacetone (TFA, CH₃COCH₂COCF₃) and stirredat room temperature for 3 hours. The precipitated solid was filtered,washed with water, and recrystallized using methanol and distilled waterto give Eu(TFA)₃(H₂O)₂. Then, 5.77 g of the resulting complex(Eu(TFA)₃(H₂O)₂) and 2.5 g of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) were dissolvedin 100 mL of methanol, followed by heating under reflux for 12 hours.After 12 hours, methanol was distilled off under reduced pressure,thereby obtaining a white product.

The white product powder was washed with toluene so that unreactedmaterials were removed by suction filtration. Subsequently, toluene wasdistilled off under reduced pressure to give a powder. Throughrecrystallization using a solvent mixture of toluene and hexane,Eu(TFA)₃phen was obtained.

(2) Production of Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass and LaminatedGlass

A luminous plasticizer solution was prepared by adding 0.2 parts byweight of the Eu(TFA)₃phen obtained above as light-emitting particles to40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO). Theentire amount of the plasticizer solution was sufficiently kneaded with100 parts by weight of PVB1-1 using a mixing roll to give a resincomposition.

The resin composition was extruded with an extruder to provide aninterlayer film for laminated glass (thickness: 760 μm).

The resulting interlayer film for laminated glass was interposed betweena pair of clear glass plates (thickness: 2.5 mm, 5 cm in length×5 cm inwidth) to prepare a laminate. The laminate was press-bonded under vacuumat 90° C. for 30 minutes using a vacuum laminator. The press-bondedlaminate was subjected to further 20-minute press-bonding under 14 MPaat 140° C. using an autoclave, thereby obtaining a laminated glass.

Example 2 (1) Preparation of Eu(TFA)₃Dpphen

Eu(TFA)₃dpphen was obtained as in Example 1, except that 4,7-diphenylphenanthroline was used instead of 1,10-phenanthroline.

(2) Production of Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass and LaminatedGlass

An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass wereproduced as in Example 1, except that the Eu(TFA)₃dpphen obtained abovewas used as light-emitting particles.

Example 3 (1) Preparation of Eu(HFA)₃Phen

Eu(HFA)₃phen was prepared as in Example 1, except thathexafluoroacetylacetone was used instead of trifluoroacetylacetone.

(2) Production of Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass and LaminatedGlass

An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass wereproduced as in Example 1, except that the Eu(HFA)₃phen obtained abovewas used as light-emitting particles.

Example 4 (1) Preparation of Tb(TFA)₃Phen

Tb(TFA)₃phen was prepared as in Example 1, except that terbium acetatewas used instead of europium acetate.

(2) Production of Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass and LaminatedGlass

An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass wereproduced as in Example 1, except that the Tb(TFA)₃phen obtained abovewas used as light-emitting particles.

Examples 5 to 7

An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass wereproduced as in Example 1, except that the polyvinyl butyral resin andlight-emitting particles shown in Table 1 were used.

Comparative Example 1

An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass wereproduced as in Example 2, except that the polyvinyl butyral resin usedwas changed to PVB1-5.

Comparative Example 2

An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass wereproduced as in Example 2, except that the polyvinyl butyral resin usedwas changed to PVB1-6.

Comparative Examples 3 and 4

An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass wereproduced as in Example 1, except that the polyvinyl butyral resin andlight-emitting particles shown in Table 1 were used.

Examples 8 to 12, Comparative Examples 5 and 6

An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass wereproduced as in Example 1, except that the polyvinyl butyral resin andlight-emitting particles shown in Table 2 were used, and the amount ofthe light-emitting particles was changed as shown in Table 2.

Example 13

To 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO)was added 0.2 parts by weight of the Eu(HFA)₃phen obtained in Example 3.Further, tin-doped indium oxide particles (ITO particles) as a heat rayabsorber was added in an amount of 0.15% by weight in 100% by weight ofan interlayer film to be obtained so that a luminous plasticizersolution was prepared. The entire amount of the plasticizer solution wassufficiently kneaded with 100 parts by mass of PVB1-1 using a mixingroll to give a resin composition.

The resin composition was extruded with an extruder to provide aninterlayer film for laminated glass (thickness: 760 μm).

The resulting interlayer film for laminated glass was interposed betweena pair of clear glass plates (thickness: 2.5 mm, 5 cm in length×5 cm inwidth) to prepare a laminate. The laminate was press-bonded under vacuumat 90° C. for 30 minutes using a vacuum laminator. The press-bondedlaminate was subjected to further 20-minute press-bonding under 14 MPaat 140° C. using an autoclave, thereby obtaining a laminated glass.

Example 14

To 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO)was added 0.2 parts by weight of the Eu(HFA)₃phen obtained in Example 3.Further, cesium-doped tungsten oxide (Cs0.33WO3) particles (CWOparticles) as a heat ray absorber was added in an amount of 0.05% byweight in 100% by weight of an interlayer film to be obtained so that aluminous plasticizer solution was prepared. The entire amount of theplasticizer solution was sufficiently kneaded with 100 parts by mass ofPVB1-1 using a mixing roll to give a resin composition.

The resin composition was extruded with an extruder to provide aninterlayer film for laminated glass (thickness: 760 μm).

The resulting interlayer film for laminated glass was interposed betweena pair of clear glass plates (thickness: 2.5 mm, 5 cm in length×5 cm inwidth) to prepare a laminate. The laminate was press-bonded under vacuumat 90° C. for 30 minutes using a vacuum laminator. The press-bondedlaminate was subjected to further 20-minute press-bonding under 14 MPaat 140° C. using an autoclave, thereby obtaining a laminated glass.

Examples 15 and 16

An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass wereproduced as in Example 13, except that the light-emitting particles andheat ray absorber shown in Table 3 were used, and the amount of the heatray absorber was changed as shown in Table 3.

Example 17 (Preparation of Resin Composition for Light-Emitting Layers)

A luminous plasticizer solution was prepared by adding 0.5 parts byweight of the Eu(HFA)₃phen obtained in Example 3 to 40 parts by weightof triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO). The entire amount ofthe plasticizer solution was sufficiently kneaded with 100 parts by massof PVB1-1 using a mixing roll to give a resin composition forlight-emitting layers.

(Preparation of Resin Composition for Adhesive Layers)

A resin composition for adhesive layers was prepared by sufficientlykneading 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate(3GO) and 100 parts by mass of PVB1-9 using a mixing roll.

(Production of Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass and Laminated Glass)

The resin composition for light-emitting layers and the resincomposition for adhesive layers were co-extruded using a coextruder toprepare an interlayer film for laminated glass (thickness: 0.8 mm) inwhich a light-emitting layer was interposed between two adhesive layers.The light-emitting layer had a thickness of 0.1 mm, and the adhesivelayer had a thickness of 0.35 mm.

The resulting interlayer film for laminated glass was interposed betweena pair of clear glass plates (thickness: 2.5 mm, 5 cm in length×5 cm inwidth) to prepare a laminate. The laminate was press-bonded under vacuumat 90° C. for 30 minutes using a vacuum laminator. The press-bondedlaminate was subjected to further 20-minute press-bonding under 14 MPaat 140° C. using an autoclave, thereby obtaining a laminated glass.

(Production of Laminated Glass for Evaluation of Penetration Resistance)

The resulting interlayer film for laminated glass was interposed betweena pair of clear glass plates (thickness: 2.5 mm, 30 cm in length×30 cmin width) to prepare a laminate. The laminate was press-bonded undervacuum at 90° C. for 30 minutes using a vacuum laminator. Thepress-bonded laminate was subjected to further 20-minute press-bondingunder 14 MPa at 140° C. using an autoclave. The portion of theinterlayer film protruding from the glass plates was cut off, therebyobtaining a laminated glass for evaluation of penetration resistance.

(Examples 18 to 21, Comparative Examples 7 and 8)

An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass wereproduced as in Example 17, except that the polyvinyl butyral resin andlight-emitting particles shown in Table 4 were used, and the amount ofthe plasticizer was changed as shown in Table 4.

Example 22 (Preparation of Resin Composition for Light-Emitting Layers)

A luminous plasticizer solution was prepared by adding 0.5 parts byweight of the Eu(HFA)₃phen obtained in Example 3 to 40 parts by weightof triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO). The entire amount ofthe plasticizer solution was sufficiently kneaded with 100 parts by massof PVB1-1 using a mixing roll to give a resin composition forlight-emitting layers.

(Preparation of Resin Composition for Shape-Adjusting Layers)

A resin composition for shape-adjusting layers was prepared bysufficiently kneading 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycoldi-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) and 100 parts by weight of PVB1-9 using amixing roll.

(Production of Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass and Laminated Glass)

The resin composition for light-emitting layers and the resincomposition for shape-adjusting layers were co-extruded using acoextruder to prepare an interlayer film for laminated glass shown inFIG. 3 having a three-layer structure in which a shape-adjusting layer,a light-emitting layer, and a shape-adjusting layer were stacked in thisorder. The minimum distance from one edge to the other edge of theobtained interlayer film in a direction perpendicular to the extrusiondirection was measured to be 1 m.

The light-emitting layer of the resulting interlayer film for laminatedglass had a wedge-shaped cross section with a minimum thickness of 100μm and a maximum thickness of 200 μm. The entire interlayer film forlaminated glass had a minimum thickness of 800 μm, a maximum thicknessof 1250 μm, and a wedge angle θ of 0.45 mrad. The interlayer film forlaminated glass was thinnest at one edge and thickest at the other edge.The minimum thickness and maximum thickness were measured by observationusing an optical microscope.

The interlayer film was interposed between two transparent float glassplates (1000 mm in length×300 mm in width×2.5 mm in thickness) toprepare a laminate. The laminate was temporarily press-bonded using aheating roll at 230° C. The temporarily press-bonded laminate waspress-bonded by a roll heat method using an autoclave under a pressureof 1.2 MPa at 135° C. for 20 minutes, thereby obtaining a laminatedglass (1000 mm in length×300 mm in width).

(Production of Laminated Glass for Luminance Measurement)

The interlayer film (thin part) having a length of 10 cm and a width of10 cm was cut out in a manner the center thereof was 10 cm from one edgeand on the line with the minimum distance from the one edge to the otheredge. The resulting interlayer film (thin part) was interposed betweentwo transparent float glass plates (5 cm in length×5 cm in width×2.5 mmin thickness) to prepare a laminate. The laminate was temporarilypress-bonded using a heating roll at 230° C. The temporarilypress-bonded laminate was press-bonded by a roll heat method using anautoclave under a pressure of 1.2 MPa at 135° C. for 20 minutes, therebyobtaining a laminated glass for luminance measurement (5 cm in length×5cm in width).

Examples 23 to 25, Comparative Examples 9 and 10

An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass wereproduced as in Example 22, except that the polyvinyl butyral resin andthe light-emitting particles shown in Table 5 were used, and the maximumthickness of the entire interlayer film and the wedge angle θ werechanged as shown in Table 5.

Example 26 (Preparation of Resin Composition for Light-Emitting Layers)

A luminous plasticizer solution was prepared by adding 0.2 parts byweight of the Eu(HFA)₃phen obtained in Example 3 to 40 parts by weightof triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO). The entire amount ofthe plasticizer solution and 100 parts by weight of PVB1-1 weresufficiently kneaded using a mixing roll to prepare a resin compositionfor light-emitting layers.

(Preparation of Resin Composition for First Resin Layer and Second ResinLayer)

A resin composition for shape-adjusting layers was prepared bysufficiently kneading 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycoldi-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) and 100 parts by weight of PVB1-1 using amixing roll.

(Preparation of Resin Composition for Sound Insulating Layers)

A resin composition for sound insulating layers was prepared bysufficiently kneading 60 parts by weight of triethylene glycoldi-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) and 100 parts by weight of PVB2-1 using amixing roll.

(Production of Interlayer Film for Laminated Glass and Laminated Glass)

The resin composition for light-emitting layers was extruded into asingle layer using an extruder to prepare a light-emitting layer(thickness: 760 μm).

The resin composition for first resin layer and second resin layer andthe resin composition for sound insulating layers were co-extruded usinga coextruder to prepare a laminate having a three-layer structure asshown in FIG. 3 in which a first resin layer, a sound insulating layer,and a second resin layer were stacked in this order. The light-emittinglayer was stacked on the outer surface of the second resin layer of thelaminate, thereby obtaining an interlayer film for laminated glass. Theminimum distance from one edge to the other edge of the obtainedinterlayer film in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion directionwas measured to be 1 m.

In the resulting interlayer film for laminated glass, the soundinsulating layer had a wedge-shaped cross section with a minimumthickness of 100 μm and a maximum thickness of 200 μm; the first resinlayer had a wedge-shaped cross section with a minimum thickness of 350μm and a maximum thickness of 525 μm; and the second resin layer had awedge-shaped cross section with a minimum thickness of 350 μm and amaximum thickness of 525 μm. The entire interlayer film for laminatedglass had a wedge-shaped cross section with a minimum thickness of 1560μm, a maximum thickness of 2010 μm, and a wedge angle θ of 0.45 mrad.The interlayer film for laminated glass was thinnest at one edge andthickest at the other edge. The minimum thickness and maximum thicknesswere measured by observation using an optical microscope.

The interlayer film was interposed between two transparent float glassplates (1000 mm in length×300 mm in width×2.5 mm in thickness) toprepare a laminate. The laminate was temporarily press-bonded using aheating roll at 230° C. The temporarily press-bonded laminate waspress-bonded by a roll heat method using an autoclave under a pressureof 1.2 MPa at 135° C. for 20 minutes, thereby obtaining a laminatedglass (1000 mm in length×300 mm in width).

(Production of Laminated Glass for Luminance Measurement)

The interlayer film (thin part) having a length of 10 cm and a width of10 cm was cut out in a manner the center thereof was 10 cm from one edgeand on the line with the minimum distance from the one edge to the otheredge. The resulting interlayer film (thin part) was interposed betweentwo transparent float glass plates (5 cm in length×5 cm in width×2.5 mmin thickness) to prepare a laminate. The laminate was temporarilypress-bonded using a heating roll at 230° C. The temporarilypress-bonded laminate was press-bonded by a roll heat method using anautoclave under a pressure of 1.2 MPa at 135° C. for 20 minutes, therebyobtaining a laminated glass for luminance measurement (5 cm in length×5cm in width).

Examples 27 to 29, Comparative Examples 11 and 12

An interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass were producedas in Example 26, except that the polyvinyl butyral resin and thelight-emitting particles shown in Table 6 were used.

(Evaluation)

The interlayer films for laminated glass and laminated glasses obtainedin the examples and comparative examples were evaluated by the methodsbelow. Tables 1 to 6 show the results.

(1) Measurement of the Amount of Nitric Acid-Derived Components or theLike in Interlayer Films for Laminated Glass

The amounts of nitric acid-derived components and carbonate componentsin the interlayer films for laminated glass were measured by theelectric conductivity method using an ion chromatograph (ICS-2000)available from Diionex. The details of the measurement procedure aredescribed below.

The laminated glasses obtained in Examples 1 to 29 and ComparativeExamples 1 to 12 were each cooled with liquid nitrogen to separate theinterlayer film for laminated glass from the glass plates. The separatedinterlayer film for laminated glass was allowed to stand under 25° C.and 30% humidity for 2 hours.

The layers of laminated glasses obtained in Examples 17 to 29 andComparative Examples 7 to 12 which included multiple interlayer filmsfor laminated glass were separated by the following procedure. A fingerwas inserted between the light-emitting layer and the adhesive layer,and these layers were separated from this site at a rate of 1 to 5 cm/s.After separation, the light-emitting layer and the adhesive layer wereallowed to stand under 25° C. and 30% humidity for 2 hours. Theshape-adjusting layer, first resin layer, sound insulating layer, andsecond resin layer were separated in the same manner. A 0.5 cm×0.5 cmsample piece was cut out of each of the light-emitting layer, adhesivelayer, shape-adjusting layer, first resin layer, sound insulating layer,and second resin layer, and the samples were weighed. Each sample wasdissolved in 45 mL of chloroform, and 50 mL of ion exchange water wasadded to the solution. The resulting mixture was shaken for 1 hour,followed by standing for phase separation. After the phases wereseparated, the aqueous phase was extracted as a measurement liquid 1.After the extraction of the aqueous phase, 50 mL of ion exchange waterwas again added, and the above operation was repeated. The aqueoussolution extracted after phase separation was used as a measurementliquid 2. The concentrations of nitric acid-derived components andcarbonate components in the measurement liquid 1 and the measurementliquid 2 were determined by the electric conductivity method using ionchromatograph (ICS-2000) available from Diionex.

Based on the concentrations of the nitric acid-derived components andcarbonate components and the weights of the samples, the amounts ofnitric acid-derived components and carbonate components in thelight-emitting layer, adhesive layer, shape-adjusting layer, first resinlayer, sound insulating layer, and second resin layer were calculated.

(2) Durability Evaluation

The laminated glasses obtained in Examples 1 to 21 and ComparativeExamples 1 to 8 each in a size of 5 cm in length×5 cm in width and thelaminated glasses for luminance measurement obtained in Examples 22 to29 and Comparative Examples 9 to 12 were each irradiated with light atan entire face in a dark room. The light was emitted from a high powerxenon light source (“REX-250” available from Asahi Spectra Co., Ltd,irradiation wavelength: 405 nm) located 10 cm away from the face of thelaminated glass in the perpendicular direction. The initial luminance at45 degrees to the face of the laminated glass irradiated with light wasmeasured with a luminance meter (“SR-3AR” available from TopconTechnohouse Corporation) disposed at a minimum distance of 35 cm awayfrom the face of the laminated glass on the side at which the light wasemitted.

Next, the laminated glasses in a size of 5 cm×5 cm were each irradiatedwith ultraviolet rays for 1000 hours with a JIS-UV tester (750 W, lightsource: silica glass mercury lamp). The luminance of the laminatedglasses irradiated with ultraviolet rays was measured in the same manneras the measurement of initial luminance. Laminated glasses exhibitingluminance at an intensity of at least 50% that of the initial luminanceafter ultraviolet irradiation were evaluated as “0 (good)”, while thoseexhibiting luminance at an intensity of less than 50% that of theinitial luminance after ultraviolet irradiation were evaluated as “x(poor)”.

(3) Evaluation of Heat Insulation Properties

The laminated glasses obtained in Examples 13 to 16 were each measuredfor the transmittance and reflectance of light with a wavelength of 300to 2500 nm in conformity with ISO 13837 using a spectrophotometer(U-4100 available from Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation), andcalculated the Tts from the results.

(4) Evaluation of Penetration Resistance (Measurement of Pummel Value ofInterlayer Film for Laminated Glass)

The laminated glasses for evaluation of penetration resistance obtainedin Examples 17 to 21 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8 were left standingat −18° C.±0.6° C. for 16 hours. A center portion (150 mm in length×150mm in width) of each laminated glass was shattered with a hammer havinga 0.45 kg head into glass pieces with a size of 6 mm or smaller. Areasof the films from which glass pieces fell off were measured to determinethe degree of exposure, and a pummel value was assigned based on theclassifications indicated in Table 7.

(5) Evaluation of Double Image

The laminated glasses obtained in Examples 22 to 29 and ComparativeExamples 9 to 12 (1000 mm in length×300 mm in width) were each placed atthe windshield position. Image information from a display unit disposedbelow the laminated glass was projected on the laminated glass. Whetherdouble image phenomenon occurred or not was observed with eyes from apredetermined position. The laminated glasses causing no double imagephenomenon were evaluated as “0 (good)”, while the laminated glassescausing double image phenomenon were evaluated as “x (poor)”.

TABLE 1 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example 1 2 3 45 6 7 Resin (PVB) Type PVB1-1 PVB1-1 PVB1-1 PVB1-1 PVB1-2 PVB1-3 PVB1-4phr 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Plasticizer (3GO) phr 40 40 40 40 40 4040 Eu complex Structure Eu(TFA)₃ Eu(TFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Tb(TFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃Eu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ phen dpphen phen phen phen phen phen phr 0.2 0.2 0.20.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Nitrate component ppm 10 10 10 10 100 0 50 Carbonatecomponent ppm 5 5 5 5 0 100 50 Initial light-emitting properties 220 210215 520 200 203 202 Light-emitting properties after 190 180 174 475 137126 128 durability testing Durability evaluation ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 2Example 3 Example 4 Resin (PVB) Type PVB1-5 PVB1-6 PVB1-5 PVB1-5 phr 100100 100 100 Plasticizer (3GO) phr 40 40 40 40 Eu complex StructureEu(TFA)₃ Eu(TFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Tb(TFA)₃ dpphen dpphen phen phen phr 0.2 0.20.2 0.2 Nitrate component ppm 70 100 70 70 Carbonate component ppm 70100 70 70 Initial light-emitting properties 10 8 9 78 Light-emittingproperties after 1 2 1 26 durability testing Durability evaluation x x xx

TABLE 2 Example Example Example Example Example Comparative Comparative8 9 10 11 12 Example 5 Example 6 Resin (PVB) Type PVB1-1 PVB1-7 PVB1-2PVB1-1 PVB1-2 PVB1-8 PVB1-8 phr 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Plasticizer(3GO) phr 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Eu complex Structure Eu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃Eu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ phen phen phen phen phenphen phen phr 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 Nitrate component ppm 10 60100 10 100 0 0 Carbonate component ppm 5 0 0 5 0 150 150 Initiallight-emitting properties 440 410 430 720 700 200 330 Light-emittingproperties after 410 330 290 695 590 53 86 durability testing Durabilityevaluation ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ x x

TABLE 3 Example Example Example Example 13 14 15 16 Resin (PVB) TypePVB1-1 PVB1-1 PVB1-1 PVB1-1 phr 100 100 100 100 Plasticizer phr 40 40 4040 (3GO) Eu complex Structure Eu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Tb(TFA)₃ phenphen phen phen phr 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Heat ray Type ITO CWO ITO ITOabsorber wt % 0.15 0.05 0.5 0.15 Nitrate ppm 10 10 10 10 componentCarbonate ppm 5 5 5 5 component Initial light-emitting 210 208 207 510properties Light-emitting properties 180 178 177 480 after durabilitytesting Durability evaluation ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Heat insulation 74.9 67.4 69.674.5 properties (Tts)

TABLE 4 Example Example Example Example Example Comparative Comparative17 18 19 20 21 Example 7 Example 8 Light-emitting Resin (PVB) TypePVB1-1 PVB1-7 PVB1-2 PVB1-1 PVB2-1 PVB1-5 PVB2-2 layer phr 100 100 100100 100 100 100 Plasticizer (3GO) phr 40 40 40 40 60 40 60 Eu complexStructure Eu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Tb(TFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃phen phen phen phen phen phen phen phr 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Nitrate component ppm 10 60 100 10 10 70 70 Carbonate component ppm 5 00 5 5 70 70 Adhesive Resin (PVB) Type PVB1-9 PVB1-9 PVB1-9 PVB1-9 PVB1-9PVB1-9 PVB1-9 layer phr 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Plasticizer (3GO)phr 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Nitrate component ppm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Carbonatecomponent ppm 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Initial light-emitting properties 7069 66 160 72 6 9 Light-emitting properties after 55 51 40 143 58 2 3durability testing Durability evaluation ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ x x Pummel 4 4 4 4 44 4

TABLE 5 Example Example Example Example Comparative Comparative 22 23 2425 Example 9 Example 10 Composition Light-emitting Resin (PVB) TypePVB1-1 PVB1-2 PVB1-1 PVB1-1 PVB1-5 PVB1-5 layer phr 100 100 100 100 100100 Plasticizer (3GO) phr 40 40 40 40 40 40 Eu complex StructureEu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Tb(TFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Tb(TFA)₃ phen phen phenphen phen phen phr 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Nitrate component ppm 10 10010 10 70 70 Carbonate component ppm 5 0 5 5 70 70 Shape-adjusting Resin(PVB) Type PVB1-9 PVB1-9 PVB1-9 PVB1-9 PVB1-9 PVB1-9 layer phr 100 100100 100 100 100 Plasticizer (3GO) phr 40 40 40 40 40 40 Nitratecomponent ppm 0 0 0 0 0 0 Carbonate component ppm 40 40 40 40 40 40Shape Light-emitting Minimum thickness μm 100 100 100 100 100 100 layerMaximum thickness μm 200 200 200 200 200 200 Thickness etc. Minimumthickness μm 800 800 800 800 800 800 of interlayer Maximum thickness μm1250 1250 1250 1500 1250 1250 film Wedge angle θ mrad 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.70.45 0.45 Initial light-emitting properties 70 66 155 72 7 36Light-emitting properties after durability testing 58 51 141 62 2 11Durability evaluation ○ ○ ○ ○ x x Evaluation of occurrence of doubleimage ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

TABLE 6 Comparative Comparative Example 26 Example 27 Example 28 Example29 Example 11 Example 12 Composition First resin Resin (PVS) Type PVB1-1PVB1-1 PVB1-1 PVB1-1 PVB1-1 PVB1-1 layer phr 100 100 100 100 100 100Plasticizer (3GO) phr 40 40 40 40 40 40 Nitrate component ppm 10 10 1010 10 10 Carbonate component ppm 5 5 5 5 5 5 Sound Resin (PVB) TypePVB2-1 PVB2-1 PVB2-1 PVB2-1 PVB2-1 PVB2-1 insulating phr 100 100 100 100100 100 layer Plasticizer (3GO) phr 60 60 60 60 60 60 Nitrate componentppm 10 10 10 10 10 10 Carbonate component ppm 5 5 5 5 5 5 Second resinResin (PVB) Type PVB1-1 PVB1-1 PVB1-1 PVB1-1 PVB1-1 PVB1-1 layer phr 100100 100 100 100 100 Plasticizer (3GO) phr 40 40 40 40 40 40 Nitratecomponent ppm 10 10 10 10 10 10 Carbonate component ppm 5 5 5 5 5 5Light-emitting Resin (PVB) Type PVB1-1 PVB1-2 PVB1-1 PVB1-2 PVB1-5PVB1-5 layer phr 100 100 100 100 100 100 Plasticizer (3GO) phr 40 40 4040 40 40 Eu complex Structure Eu(HFA)₃ Eu(HFA)₃ Tb(TFA)₃ Tb(TFA)₃Eu(HFA)₃ Tb(TFA)₃ phen phen phen phen phen phen phr 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.20.2 Nitrate component ppm 10 100 10 100 70 70 Carbonate component ppm 50 5 0 70 70 Shape Structure of — — First resin layer/ First resin layer/First resin layer/ First resin layer/ First resin layer/ First resinlayer/ interlayer Sound insulating layer/ Sound insulating layer/ Soundinsulating layer/ Sound insulating layer/ Sound insulating layer/ Soundinsulating layer/ film Second resin layer/ Second resin layer/ Secondresin layer/ Second resin layer/ Second resin layer/ Second resin layer/Light-emitting layer Light-emitting layer Light-emitting layerLight-emitting layer Light-emitting layer Light-emitting layer Firstresin Minimum thickness μm 350 350 350 350 350 350 layer Maximumthickness μm 525 525 525 525 525 525 Sound Minimum thickness μm 100 100100 100 100 100 insulating Maximum thickness layer μm 200 200 200 200200 200 Second resin Minimum thickness μm 350 350 350 350 350 350 layerMaximum thickness μm 525 525 525 525 525 525 Light-emitting Thickness μm760 760 760 760 760 760 layer Thickness etc. Minimum thickness μm 15601560 1560 1560 1560 1560 of interlayer Maximum thickness μm 2010 20102010 2010 2010 2010 film Wedge angle θ mrad 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.450.45 Initial light-emitting properties 210 190 500 495 12 71Light-emitting properties after durability testing 180 130 460 440 2 25Durability evaluation ○ ○ ○ ○ x x Evaluation of occurrence of doubleimage ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

TABLE 7 Degree of exposure of interlayer film (area %) Pummel value 90 <Degree of exposure ≤ 100 0 85 < Degree of exposure ≤ 90 1 60 < Degree ofexposure ≤ 85 2 40 < Degree of exposure ≤ 60 3 20 < Degree of exposure ≤40 4 10 < Degree of exposure ≤ 20 5 5 < Degree of exposure ≤ 10 6 2 <Degree of exposure ≤ 5 7 Degree of exposure ≤ 2 8

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention can provide an interlayer film for laminated glasscapable of displaying images with a high luminous intensity whenirradiated with a light beam and having excellent durability, and alaminated glass including the interlayer film for laminated glass.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

-   1: interlayer film for laminated glass-   11: light-emitting layer-   12: shape-adjusting layer-   2: interlayer film for laminated glass-   21: light-emitting layer-   22: shape-adjusting layer-   23: shape-adjusting layer-   3: interlayer film for laminated glass-   31: light-emitting layer-   32: shape-adjusting layer-   33: shape-adjusting layer

1-6. (canceled)
 7. An interlayer film for laminated glass, comprising: alight-emitting layer containing a polyvinyl acetal resin and alanthanoid complex as light-emitting particles, the light-emitting layercontaining not more than 100 ppm in total of a nitric acid-derivedcomponent and a carbonate component.
 8. The interlayer film forlaminated glass according to claim 7, wherein the lanthanoid complex isin the form of particles.
 9. The interlayer film for laminated glassaccording to claim 8, wherein the upper limit of the average particlesize of particle is 1 μm.
 10. The interlayer film for laminated glassaccording to claim 7, wherein the lanthanoid complex is terbium.
 11. Alaminated glass comprising: two transparent plates; and the interlayerfilm for laminated glass according to claim 7 interposed between thetransparent plates.